Her laboratory is preserved at the Musée Curie in Paris, and has been open to public since 1992. In 1967 a museum devoted to Curie was established in Warsaw's 'New Town', at her birthplace on ulica Freta (Freta Street). There are two museums dedicated to Marie Curie. She is the patron of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, in Lublin, founded in 1944 and Pierre and Marie Curie University, in Paris, established in 1971. Several institutions bear her name, starting with the two Curie institutes - the Maria Skłodowska–Curie Institute of Oncology, in Warsaw and the Institut Curie in Paris. A KLM McDonnell Douglas MD-11 (registration PH-KCC) is named in her honour. The 7000 Curie asteroid is also named after her. Polish nuclear research reactor Maria is named after her. In 2007 a metro station in Paris was renamed to honour both of the Curies. Numerous locations around the world are named after her. In Poland, she had received honorary doctorates from the Lwów Polytechnic (1912), Poznań University (1922), Kraków's Jagiellonian University (1924), and the Warsaw Polytechnic (1926).

The Marie Curie Actions fellowship program of the European Union for young scientists wishing to work in a foreign country is named after her. She received numerous honorary degrees from universities across the world. Three radioactive minerals are also named after the Curies: curite, sklodowskite, and cuprosklodowskite. The element with atomic number 96 was named curium. The curie (symbol Ci), a unit of radioactivity, is named in honour of her and Pierre (although the commission which agreed on the name never clearly stated whether the standard was named after Pierre, Marie or both of them). In 1995, she became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon, Paris.

Franklin Medal of the American Philosophical Society (1921).

Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel prize, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences.

On 10 December, the New York Academy of Sciences celebrated the centenary of Marie Curie's second Nobel prize in the presence of Princess Madeleine of Sweden. On 7 November, Google celebrated her birthday with a special Google Doodle. An artistic installation celebrating 'Madame Curie' filled the Jacobs Gallery at San Diego's Museum of Contemporary Art. Poland and France declared 2011 the Year of Marie Curie, and the United Nations declared that this would be the International Year of Chemistry. Curie received 25.1 per cent of all votes cast, nearly twice as many as second-place Rosalind Franklin (14.2 per cent). In a 2009 poll carried out by New Scientist, Marie Curie was voted the 'most inspirational woman in science'. As one of the most famous female scientists to date, Marie Curie has become an icon in the scientific world and has received tributes from across the globe, even in the realm of pop culture.

Madame Curie by Ève Curie